SECRETARY GENERAL'S NOTE
Secretary General's Note
Dear Delegates,
It is with great honor and immense pride that I welcome you to FQMUN. Whether you are a first-time participant or a returning delegate, I commend you for taking this step toward dialogue, diplomacy, and meaningful change.
This Study Guide has been carefully crafted to support you in your preparation and to deepen your understanding of the agenda at hand. It provides essential background information, key perspectives, and guiding questions to help you research thoroughly, think critically, and represent your countries with clarity, conviction, and responsibility.
At FQMUN, we uphold the highest standards of debate, respect, and diplomacy. I encourage every delegate to engage actively, listen respectfully, and challenge ideas—not individuals. Through meaningful collaboration and constructive discourse, we can address global challenges and work toward solutions that build a better, more inclusive world.
MUN is more than a conference; it is a platform to learn, to lead, and to inspire. I urge you to step beyond your comfort zones, build alliances, embrace diverse viewpoints, and make the most of this experience. The skills you develop, the friendships you form, and the memories you create will stay with you long after the conference ends.
To ensure a productive and enriching conference for all, I expect every delegate to uphold the rules of procedure, demonstrate integrity, and contribute positively to the committee and to the spirit of FQMUN.
I look forward to witnessing your passion, dedication, and potential at FQMUN. Let us work together to make this conference an unforgettable and impactful journey for everyone.
Best regards,
Aali Khan
Aali Khan
Secretary General
FQMUN
FQMUN 2026 · COMMITTEE 02
UNSC — Committee Study Guide
A practical handbook for delegates preparing for Security Council debate, diplomacy, sanctions, crisis response and resolution drafting.
01 · COUNCIL MANDATE
Know what the Security Council can do
- Article 24 gives the Council primary responsibility for international peace and security.
- Article 25 concerns Member States accepting and carrying out Security Council decisions.
- Article 39 concerns determining the existence of a threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression.
- Articles 41 and 42 cover measures not involving armed force and, where necessary, action involving armed force.
- Article 51 recognizes the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence.
Know the difference between a political recommendation and a binding Council decision, and verify the exact language of any resolution you cite.
02 · P5 & VETO
Understand Council arithmetic
Permanent members
China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States hold permanent seats and veto power over substantive resolutions.
Non-permanent members
Ten elected members participate in Council work and can be decisive in building the required support for action.
Voting strategy
Do not write a resolution that cannot survive the Council's political arithmetic. Negotiate wording before the final vote.
Veto awareness
A veto is a political tool, not a substitute for diplomacy. Anticipate objections and design language that can attract broader support.
03 · CHAPTER VI & VII
Peaceful settlement vs enforcement
- Chapter VI focuses on peaceful settlement of disputes.
- Chapter VII provides the framework for action regarding threats to peace, breaches of peace and acts of aggression.
- Sanctions proposals should identify targets, exemptions, humanitarian safeguards and monitoring.
- Peacekeeping and peace enforcement are not interchangeable concepts; understand mandate, consent and rules of engagement.
04 · CRISIS DIPLOMACY
When the situation changes
- Separate verified facts from rumours and propaganda.
- Identify the immediate security threat, affected civilians and regional spillover.
- Propose an action that the Council can realistically authorize or recommend.
- Keep escalation risks in mind: military action can create consequences beyond the immediate crisis.
- Use allies to gather information and negotiate language before publicly committing to a position.
05 · SPEAKING
Build Security Council speeches
GSL
Threat → national position → evidence → Council responsibility → 2–3 actions → coalition invitation.
Moderated caucus
Address the exact security issue. Explain the consequence, legal basis and operational solution.
POI
Challenge feasibility, mandate, civilian safeguards, funding, verification or unintended consequences.
Rebuttal
Do not attack the country personally. Attack the weakness in the policy and replace it with a workable alternative.
06 · RESOLUTION DRAFTING
Write clauses the Council can use
- Use operative verbs appropriate to the Council's authority and the nature of the draft.
- Define the implementing actor: UN body, Member States, sanctions committee, monitoring mechanism or other relevant institution.
- Include timelines, reporting requirements, humanitarian exemptions and review mechanisms where appropriate.
- Connect every major demand to the problem identified in the preambulatory section.
- Negotiate ambiguous language before final voting.
07 · AWARD STRATEGY
Be more than a speaker
- Bring credible research and legal references.
- Speak strategically rather than excessively.
- Build cross-bloc agreements.
- Improve the draft resolution instead of only criticizing it.
- Stay calm during crises and help the committee move forward.
08 · FINAL CHECKLIST
- Country foreign-policy position mapped
- UN Charter provisions verified
- Relevant Security Council resolutions researched
- P5 and likely bloc positions identified
- 90-second GSL prepared
- 10 POIs and 10 rebuttals prepared
- Sanctions/crisis options evaluated
- Draft operative clauses prepared
- Harvard-style source list completed